Prion proteins are significant proteins located on the surface of mammalian cells, closely associated with the nervous system. They were first discovered in the context of fatal neurodegenerative diseases known as prion diseases. In these diseases, a pathological form of the cellular prion protein, known as scrapie prion protein, which exhibits a beta-sheet-rich structure, is observed. Although the exact function of prion proteins is not yet fully understood, there is growing speculation about their potential role in memory formation and long-term memory processes. In this review, we address prion proteins, prion-like proteins, and their relationship with memory processes.