Objectives: This study aimed to assess the cognitive functions and dementia risk among individuals with and without metabolic syndrome who had previously contracted COVID-19, using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. It also aimed to support early and effective interventions for those at risk of dementia or metabolic syndrome in accordance with clinical guidelines. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 375 participants aged 18 years and older who visited the COVID-19 follow-up clinic. During the clinic visit, the MMSE was administered, and participants underwent blood pressure measurement, anthropometric assessment, and laboratory testing. Results: A statistically significant association was found between dementia frequency and factors such as age, education level, and female gender in the post-COVID population (95% CI; OR=1.039, p=0.001; OR=2.937, p=0.004; OR=1.793, p=0.038, respectively). Although dementia was more common among individuals with metabolic syndrome compared to those without, this relationship was not statistically significant (OR=1.347, p=0.266). Conclusion: In line with the principles of family medicine, which emphasize early recognition and community health responsibility, we recommend cognitive screening for at-risk individuals. Tools such as the MMSE, which offer valuable insights into cognitive decline, should be used proactively to improve public health outcomes.