Vision impairment (VI) affects more than 2.2 billion people worldwide, profoundly influencing their quality of life, social participation, and access to rehabilitation services. This narrative review examines key methodological strategies employed in social research on VI and rehabilitation, encompassing qualitative, quantitative, mixed-methods, and participatory approaches. It evaluates the strengths and limitations of these methodologies in capturing the diverse lived experiences of individuals with VI and in assessing rehabilitation outcomes. The review identifies several persistent challenges in the field, including the need to ensure accessibility in research instruments, achieve representative sampling across diverse populations, and address ethical considerations such as informed consent and confidentiality. It also discusses measurement difficulties, particularly in evaluating complex constructs like quality of life, social inclusion, and rehabilitation success, with special attention to cultural and contextual influences. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the importance of culturally sensitive and inclusive research designs, especially in settings constrained by limited resources and technological infrastructure. It highlights the impact of the digital divide and the barriers associated with assistive technology use, which may affect both data collection and participant engagement. The review advocates for participatory research models in which individuals with VI are actively engaged as co-researchers, ensuring that their perspectives directly inform research design and interpretation. Finally, the review calls for future research that prioritizes adaptive, inclusive, and culturally responsive methodologies to promote equitable and effective rehabilitation interventions. Such approaches are essential for advancing the quality of life and social well-being of individuals with VI globally.