The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus that produces various antigens, against which the host develops antibodies. One of the most significant characteristics of HBV is its ability to form covalently closed circular DNA, allowing it to persist within cells. Millions of people worldwide are infected with HBV, resulting in many deaths due to severe complications. The hepatitis B virus can cause acute or chronic infections and lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Transmission routes include percutaneous, sexual, perinatal, and horizontal pathways. The treatment of HBV infection involves the use of interferons and nucleoside/nucleotide analogs. The most effective prevention method is the hepatitis B vaccine, which provides high protection. The prevalence of hepatitis B in Trkiye varies by geographic region. To prevent the spread of HBV, safe practices and vaccinations are of critical importance. This review addresses the characteristics of HBV, transmission routes, treatment methods, the importance of vaccination, and prevalence.
