Infectious diseases are among the most important global health problems, and their burden on society is wide. It is shown that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy can fight viral infectious diseases in many aspects. This systematic review investigated the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy against viral infections. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Central Library, and Embase up to May 2024. Keywords such as CAR T-cell therapy, viral, virus, and infection were used to identify relevant studies. In the identification stage, a comprehensive search across databases, including Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Central Library, and Embase, identified 12183 papers. Finally, 7 articles with total of 134 individuals were examined. Three studies investigated the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). The primary objectives of these trials were to assess the safety and feasibility of adoptive transfer of CAR T-cells in patients with viral infections. The aforementioned results demonstrate the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy in targeting viral antigens and inhibiting viral replication, providing possible treatment options for long-term infectious illnesses like HIV, HBV, and CMV. These findings show the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy in infectious diseases, but the data are limited. To maximize the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy and clarify its long-term effectiveness in the treatment of infectious diseases, more investigation and clinical studies are required.