Objective: To assess the clinical and laboratory effects of prophylactic enoxaparin use after vaginal delivery on bleeding, wound complications, and hematological parameters. Material and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 36 postpartum women who received enoxaparin prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis and 95 who did not; all delivered at 37-41 weeks of gestation. Maternal demographic characteristics, delivery-related data, bleeding- and wound-related complications, as well as hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet counts before delivery, at 6 hours postpartum, and on the 10th postpartum day were retrieved from the hospital database. Changes in laboratory values between 6 hours and 10 days postpartum were calculated. All variables were compared between the enoxaparin and non-enoxaparin groups. Results: Women who received enoxaparin were older, had higher body mass index and greater parity, and had significantly lower episiotomy rates (p<0.001), compared with those who did not receive enoxaparin. No significant differences were observed between the groups in rates of labor induction or in bleeding- or wound-related complications. The differences in hemoglobin (1.90±0.67 vs. 1.57±0.67 g/dL, p=0.115), hematocrit (6.84±2.40 vs. 5.76±2.21%, p=0.127), and platelet counts (113.94±62.70 vs. 125.10±70.89×103/μL, p=0.592) between the 10th day and 6 hours postpartum were also not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: Prophylactic enoxaparin use after vaginal delivery was not associated with significant adverse effects on bleeding, wound complications, hemoglobin, hematocrit, or platelet counts. Risk-based enoxaparin prophylaxis appears safe and feasible for women after vaginal delivery. Our findings need to be confirmed by large-scale prospective studies.