Background and Aims: The pharmaceutical industry, which is known for its high levels of innovation and substantial research and development efforts, is crucial for global healthcare advancement. Developing new drugs requires significant R&D investments, which involve high levels of uncertainty and high costs. This study analyzes the investment strategies and risk management practises of leading pharmaceutical companies, Pfizer and Novartis. Methods: Financial performance indicators, investment trends, and risk mitigation techniques for Pfizer and Novartis were examined. The analysis focused on how these companies balance innovation with mitigating risks through substantial R&D investments. Results: This study found that significant R&D investments drive revenue growth, profitability, and stock prices. Specifically, 67.7% of the variability in revenue, 70.9% of the variability in net profit margin, and 48.3% of the variability in stock price growth are attributed to R&D expenditures. Conclusion: These findings highlight the critical role of continuous innovation and strategic investment in maintaining a competitive advantage and financial health in the pharmaceutical industry. R&D investments are essential for driving revenue growth, enhancing profitability, and boosting stock prices, underscoring the need for strategic risk management practises.