Aims and background: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the factors affecting survival in patients with and without cirrhosis who developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on the background of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Materials and methods: In our retrospective, single-center study, the data of 114 patients who were admitted to our center between January 2012 and January 2021 and who met the inclusion criteria were collected. Factors affecting survival were identified by log-rank and Cox regression analysis. Data of patients with and without cirrhosis were compared. Results: Patients with and without cirrhosis were compared; 64 (56.1%) patients had cirrhosis and it was associated with reduced survival (17 vs 34 months, p = 0.02). Better survival was observed with increased body mass index (BMI) level in non-cirrhotic HCC [Hazard ratio (HR): 0.84, p = 0.005] whereas no effect on patients with cirrhotic HCC (HR: 0.97, p = 0.51). Hypertension rate was higher in the non-cirrhotic patient group (48% vs 20.3%, p = 0.002) but it was not associated with survival in either group. Conclusion: Prolonged survival was observed with increased BMI levels in patients with non-cirrhotic HCC, even though BMI levels did not differ in both groups (p = 0.39). Considering the absence of cirrhosis in 30-50% of HBV-associated HCC cases, further studies are needed for the survival effects of metabolic factors in patients with non-cirrhotic HCC. Clinical significance: Our findings suggest that metabolic factors such as BMI and hypertension may influence the clinical course of HBV-related HCC, especially in non-cirrhotic patients. Recognizing these factors could help identify patients at risk and guide tailored management strategies.