OBJECTIVE Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is to ensures skin-to-skin contact between the mother and the baby by placing the newborn babies on the mother’s chest in a prone, upright position. KMC is a suitable method for maintaining the body temperature of term or preterm babies, especially in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The aim of this study is to compare the relationship between mother and infant body temperature during KMC applied to infants followed in NICU and to evaluate the vital signs of the infant during KMC. METHODS Fifty six newborn babies who were followed up in the neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital and who were treated with kangaroo mother care (KMC) between December 2018 and December 2020, and who were respiratory and hemodynamically stable, were included in the study. During KMC, the constant ambient temperature (23ºC) and the body temperature of the mother and baby were measured, and baby’s vital signs were recorded. RESULTS Fifty six newborn babies were included in the study. The mean gestational age at delivery was 33.03±3.8 (26-40) weeks, and the mean birth weight was 2069.64±849.37 (640-4630). Thirty (53.5%) babies were boys, and 26 (46.5%) were girls. The mean duration of kangaroo mother care (KMC) was 24.30±28.82 (5-97). At the constant ambient temperature (23ºC) during KMC, the average body temperature of the baby before KMC was 36.42±0.36 (35.40-37.2) ºC, during KMC was 36.35±0.01 (35.40-37.2) ºC, and after KMC was 36.35±0.40 (35.40-37.40) ºC. There was no significant change in the body temperature of the baby before, during and after KMC (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Kangaroo mother care in the neonatal intensive care unit did not cause any change in the body temperature of the baby or the mother, and the vital signs of the baby remained stable at a constant ambient temperature.